Cyanobacteria Biotechnology von Paul Hudson (englisch) Hardcover-Buch

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Cyanobacteria Biotechnology

by Paul Hudson, Sang Yup Lee, Jens Nielsen, Gregory Stephanopoulos

Unites a biological and a biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria, and includes the industrial aspects and applications of cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria Biotechnology offers a guide to the interesting and useful features of cyanobacteria metabolism that keeps true to a biotechnology vision. In one volume the book brings together both biology and biotechnology to illuminate the core acpects and principles of cyanobacteria metabolism. Designed to offer a practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria, the book contains relevant examples of how this metabolic "module" is currently being engineered and how it could be engineered in the future. The author includes information on the requirements and real-world experiences of the industrial applications of cyanobacteria. This important book: Brings together biology and biotechnology in order to gain insight into the industrial relevant topic of cyanobacteriaIntroduces the key aspects of the metabolism of cyanobacteriaPresents a grounded, practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteriaOffers an analysis of the requirements and experiences for industrial cyanobacteriaProvides a framework for readers to design their own processes Written for biotechnologists, microbiologists, biologists, biochemists, Cyanobacteria Biotechnology provides a systematic and clear volume that brings together the biological and biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria.

FORMAT Hardcover LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New

Author Biography

Paul Hudson is an Associate Professor (2018) of Metabolic Engineering in the School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm Sweden. He has a Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from U.C. Berkeley (2009). He has published 26 research papers in the fields of protein science, microbial metabolic engineering, and systems biology. The main focus of his research is on systems and synthetic biology of cyanobacteria.

Table of Contents

Foreword: Cyanobacteria Biotechnology xv Acknowledgments xviii Part I Core Cyanobacteria Processes 1 1 Inorganic Carbon Assimilation in Cyanobacteria: Mechanisms, Regulation, and Engineering 3
Martin Hagemann, Shanshan Song, and Eva-Maria Brouwer 1.1 Introduction – The Need for a Carbon-Concentrating Mechanism 3 1.2 The Carbon-Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) Among Cyanobacteria 4 1.2.1 Ci Uptake Proteins/Mechanisms 5 1.2.2 Carboxysome and RubisCO 8 1.3 Regulation of Ci Assimilation 10 1.3.1 Regulation of the CCM 10 1.3.2 Further Regulation of Carbon Assimilation 13 1.3.3 Metabolic Changes and Regulation During Ci Acclimation 14 1.3.4 Redox Regulation of Ci Assimilation 15 1.4 Engineering the Cyanobacterial CCM 16 1.5 Photorespiration 17 1.5.1 Cyanobacterial Photorespiration 17 1.5.2 Attempts to Engineer Photorespiration 19 1.6 Concluding Remarks 20 Acknowledgments 21 References 21 2 Electron Transport in Cyanobacteria and Its Potential in Bioproduction 33
David J. Lea-Smith and Guy T. Hanke 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 Electron Transport in a Bioenergetic Membrane 34 2.2.1 Linear Electron Transport 34 2.2.2 Cyclic Electron Transport 37 2.2.3 ATP Production from Linear and Cyclic Electron Transport 37 2.3 Respiratory Electron Transport 38 2.4 Role of Electron Sinks in Photoprotection 41 2.4.1 Terminal Oxidases 41 2.4.2 Hydrogenase and Flavodiiron Complexes 41 2.4.3 Carbon Fixation and Photorespiration 43 2.4.4 Extracellular Electron Export 44 2.5 Regulating Electron Flux into Different Pathways 45 2.5.1 Electron Flux Through the Plastoquinone Pool 45 2.5.2 Electron Flux Through Fdx 46 2.6 Spatial Organization of Electron Transport Complexes 47 2.7 Manipulating Electron Transport for Synthetic Biology Applications 48 2.7.1 Improving Growth of Cyanobacteria 49 2.7.2 Production of Electrical Power in BPVs 49 2.7.3 Hydrogen Production 50 2.7.4 Production of Industrial Compounds 50 2.8 Future Challenges in Cyanobacterial Electron Transport 51 References 52 3 Optimizing the Spectral Fit Between Cyanobacteria and Solar Radiation in the Light of Sustainability Applications 65
Klaas J. Hellingwerf, Que Chen, and Filipe Branco dos Santos 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Molecular Basis and Efficiency of Oxygenic Photosynthesis 67 3.3 Fit Between the Spectrum of Solar Radiation and the Action Spectrum of Photosynthesis 72 3.4 Expansion of the PAR Region of Oxygenic Photosynthesis 74 3.5 Modulation and Optimization of the Transparency of Photobioreactors 79 3.6 Full Control of the Light Regime: LEDs Inside the PBR 81 3.7 Conclusions and Prospects 82 References 83 Part II Concepts in Metabolic Engineering 89 4 What We Can Learn from Measuring Metabolic Fluxes in Cyanobacteria 91
Xiang Gao, Chao Wu, Michael Cantrell, Melissa Cano, Jianping Yu, and Wei Xiong 4.1 Central Carbon Metabolism in Cyanobacteria: An Overview and Renewed Pathway Knowledge 91 4.1.1 Glycolytic Routes Interwoven with the Calvin Cycle 91 4.1.2 Tricarboxylic Acid Cycling 94 4.2 Methodologies for Predicting and Quantifying Metabolic Fluxes in Cyanobacteria 95 4.2.1 Flux Balance Analysis and Genome-Scale Reconstruction of Metabolic Network 95 4.2.2 13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis 96 4.2.3 Thermodynamic Analysis and Kinetics Analysis 99 4.3 Cyanobacteria Fluxome in Response to Altered Nutrient Modes and Environmental Conditions 101 4.3.1 Autotrophic Fluxome 101 4.3.2 Photomixotrophic Fluxome 104 4.3.3 Heterotrophic Fluxome 105 4.3.4 Photoheterotrophic Fluxome 105 4.3.5 Diurnal Metabolite Oscillations 106 4.3.6 Nutrient States' Impact on Metabolic Flux 107 4.4 Metabolic Fluxes Redirected in Cyanobacteria for Biomanufacturing Purposes 108 4.4.1 Restructuring the TCA Cycle for Ethylene Production 108 4.4.2 Maximizing Flux in the Isoprenoid Pathway 109 4.4.2.1 Measuring Precursor Pool Size to Evaluate Potential Driving Forces for Isoprenoid Production 109 4.4.2.2 Balancing Intermediates for Increased Pathway Activity 110 4.4.2.3 Kinetic Flux Profiling to Detect Bottlenecks in the Pathway 111 4.5 Synopsis and Future Directions 112 Acknowledgments 112 References 112 5 Synthetic Biology in Cyanobacteria and Applications for Biotechnology 123
Elton P. Hudson 5.1 Introduction 123 5.2 Getting Genes into Cyanobacteria 123 5.2.1 Transformation 123 5.2.2 Expression from Episomal Plasmids 125 5.2.3 Delivery of Genes to the Chromosome 127 5.3 Basic Synthetic Control of Gene Expression in Cyanobacteria 129 5.3.1 Quantifying Transcription and Translation in Cyanobacteria 130 5.3.2 Controlling Transcription with Synthetic Promoters 134 5.3.2.1 Constitutive Promoters 136 5.3.2.2 Regulated Promoters that Are Sensitive to Added Compounds (Inducible) 137 5.3.2.3 CRISPR Interference for Transcriptional Repression 139 5.3.3 Controlling Translation 141 5.3.3.1 Ribosome Binding Sites (Cis-Acting) 141 5.3.3.2 Riboswitches (Cis-Acting) 142 5.3.3.3 Small RNAs (Trans-Acting) 143 5.4 Exotic Signals for Controlling Expression 143 5.4.1 Oxygen 144 5.4.2 Light Color 144 5.4.3 Cell Density or Growth Phase 145 5.4.4 Engineering Regulators for Altered Sensing Properties: State of the Art 147 5.5 Advanced Regulation: The Near Future 148 5.5.1 Logic Gates and Timing Circuits 148 5.5.2 Orthogonal Transcription Systems 151 5.5.3 Synthetic Biology Solutions to Increase Stability 152 5.5.4 Synthetic Biology Solutions for Cell Separation and Product Recovery 154 5.6 Conclusions 157 Acknowledgments 158 References 158 6 Sink Engineering in Photosynthetic Microbes 171
María Santos-Merino, Amit K. Singh, and Daniel C. Ducat 6.1 Introduction 171 6.2 Source and Sink 172 6.3 Regulation of Sink Energy in Plants 177 6.3.1 Sucrose and Other Signaling Carbohydrates 178 6.3.2 Hexokinases 179 6.3.3 Sucrose Non-fermenting Related Kinases 180 6.3.4 TOR Kinase 181 6.3.5 Engineered Pathways as Sinks in Photosynthetic Microbes 182 6.3.6 Sucrose 183 6.3.7 2,3-Butanediol 187 6.3.8 Ethylene 187 6.3.9 Glycerol 188 6.3.10 Isobutanol 188 6.3.11 Isoprene 189 6.3.12 Limonene 189 6.3.13 P450, an Electron Sink 190 6.4 What Are Key Source/Sink Regulatory Hubs in Photosynthetic Microbes? 191 6.5 Concluding Remarks 194 Acknowledgment 195 References 195 7 Design Principles for Engineering Metabolic Pathways in Cyanobacteria 211
Jason T. Ku and Ethan I. Lan 7.1 Introduction 211 7.2 Cofactor Optimization 212 7.2.1 Recruiting NADPH-Dependent Enzymes Wherever Possible 215 7.2.2 Engineering NADH-Specific Enzymes to Utilize NADPH 217 7.2.3 Increasing NADH Pool in Cyanobacteria Through Expression of Transhydrogenase 218 7.3 Incorporation of Thermodynamic Driving Force into Metabolic Pathway Design 219 7.3.1 ATP Driving Force in Metabolic Pathways 220 7.3.2 Increasing Substrate Pool Supports the Carbon Flux Toward Products 222 7.3.3 Product Removal Unblocks the Limitations of Product Titer 223 7.4 Development of Synthetic Pathways for Carbon Conserving Photorespiration and Enhanced Carbon Fixation 225 7.5 Summary and Future Perspective on Cyanobacterial Metabolic Engineering 229 References 229 8 Engineering Cyanobacteria for Efficient Photosynthetic Production: Ethanol Case Study 237
Guodong Luan and Xuefeng Lu 8.1 Introduction 237 8.2 Pathway for Ethanol Synthesis in Cyanobacteria 238 8.2.1 Pyruvate Decarboxylase and Type II Alcohol Dehydrogenase 238 8.2.2 Selection of Better Enzymes in the Pdc–AdhII Pathway 240 8.2.3 Systematic Characterization of the PdcZM–Slr1192 Pathway 241 8.3 Selection of Optimal Cyanobacteria "Chassis," Strain for Ethanol Production 242 8.3.1 Synechococcus PCC 6803 and Synechococcus PCC 7942 243 8.3.2 Synechococcus PCC 7002 245 8.3.3 Anabaena PCC 7120 245 8.3.4 Nonconventional Cyanobacteria Species 246 8.4 Metabolic Engineering Strategies Toward More Efficient and Stable Ethanol Production 246 8.4.1 Enhancing the Carbon Flux via Overexpression of Calvin Cycle Enzymes 248 8.4.2 Blocking Pathways that Are Competitive to Ethanol 248 8.4.3 Arresting Biomass Formation 249 8.4.4 Engineering Cofactor Supply 249 8.4.5 Engineering Strategies Guided by In Silico Simulation 250 8.4.6 Stabilizing Ethanol Synthesis Capacity in Cyanobacterial Cell Factories 251 8.5 Exploring the Response in Cyanobacteria to Ethanol 253 8.5.1 Response of Cyanobacterial Cells Toward Exogenous Added Ethanol 254 8.5.2 Response of Cyanobacteria to Endogenous Synthesized Ethanol 255 8.6 Metabolic Engineering Strategies to Facilitate Robust Cultivation Against Biocontaminants 256 8.6.1 Engineering Cyanobacteria Cell Factories to Adapt for Selective Environmental Stresses 256 8.6.2 Engineering Cyanobacteria Cell Factories to Utilize Uncommon Nutrients 258 8.7 Conclusions and Perspectives 258 References 259 9 Engineering Cyanobacteria as Host Organisms for Production of Terpenes and Terpenoids 267
João S. Rodrigues and Pia Lindberg 9.1 Terpenoids and Industrial Applications 267 9.2 Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Cyanobacteria 270 9.2.1 Methylerythritol-4-Phosphate Pathway 270 9.2.2 Formation of Terpene Backbones 272 9.3 Natural Occurrence and Physiological Roles of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Cyanobacteria 274 9.4 Engineering Cyanobacteria for Terpenoid Production 275 9.4.1 Metabolic Engineering 277 9.4.1.1 Terpene Synthases 277 9.4.1.2 Increasing Supply of Terpene Backbones 285 9.4.1.3 Engineering the Native MEP Pathway 286 9.4.1.4 Implementing the MVA Pathway 287 9.4.1.5 Enhancing Precursor Supply 288 9.4.2 Optimizing Growth Conditions for Production 289 9.4.3 Product Capture and Harvesting 291 9.5 Summary and Outlook 292 Acknowledgments 293 References 293 10 Cyanobacterial Biopolymers 301
Moritz Koch and Karl Forchhammer 10.1 Polyhydroxybutryate 301 10.1.1 Introduction 301 10.1.2 PHB Metabolism in Cyanobacteria 302 10.1.3 Industrial Applications of PHB 305 10.1.3.1 Physical Properties of PHB and Its Derivatives 305 10.1.3.2 Biodegradability 306 10.1.3.3 Application of PHB as a Plastic 306 10.1.3.4 Reactor Types 306 10.1.3.5 Production Process 307 10.1.3.6 Downstream Processing 308 10.1.4 Metabolic Engineering of PHB Biosynthesis 308 10.1.5 Limitations and Potential of PHB Production in Cyanobacteria 310 10.2 Cyanophycin Granules in Cyanobacteria 311 10.2.1 Biology of Cyanophycin 311 10.2.2 Genes and Enzymes of CGP Metabolism 315 10.2.2.1 Cyanophycin Synthetase 315 10.2.2.2 Cyanophycin Degrading Enzymes 316 10.2.3 Regulation of Cyanophycin Metabolism 317 10.2.4 Cyanophycin Overproduction and Potential Industrial Applications 318 Acknowledgement 319 References 319 11 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid Derivatives by Cyanobacteria: From Basics to Biofuel Production 331
Akihito Kawahara and Yukako Hihara 11.1 Introduction 331 11.2 Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism 332 11.2.1 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis 332 11.2.2 Fatty Acid Degradation and Turnover 335 11.2.3 Accumulation of Storage Lipids 336 11.3 Basic Technologies for Production of Free Fatty Acids 337 11.3.1 Production of Free Fatty Acids in E. coli 337 11.3.2 Production of Free Fatty Acids in Cyanobacteria 338 11.4 Advanced Technologies for Enhancement of Free Fatty Acid Production 339 11.4.1 Enhancement of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis 339 11.4.2 Enhancement of Carbon Fixation Activity 345 11.4.3 Engineering of Carbon Flow: Modification of Key Regulatory Factors 345 11.4.4 Engineering of Carbon Flow: Deletion of Competitive Pathways 346 11.4.5 Mitigation of the Toxicity of FFAs 347 11.4.6 Enhancement of FFA Secretion 348 11.4.7 Induction of Cell Lysis 349 11.4.8 Recovery of Produced FFAs from Medium 350 11.4.9 Identification of Cyanobacterial Strains Suitable for FFA Production 350 11.5 Hydrocarbon Production in Cyanobacteria 351 11.6 Advanced Technologies for Enhancement of Hydrocarbon Production 353 11.6.1 Enhancement of Alk(a/e)ne Biosynthesis 353 11.6.2 Improvement of the Performance of Alkane Biosynthetic Enzymes 354 11.7 Basic Technologies for Production of Fatty Alcohols 355 11.8 Advanced Technologies for Enhancement of Fatty Alcohol Production 355 11.9 Basic Technologies for Production of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters 356 11.10 Perspectives 357 References 358 12 Product Export in Cyanobacteria 369
Cátia F. Gonçalves, Steeve Lima, and Paulo Oliveira 12.1 Introduction 369 12.2 Secretion Mediated by Membrane-Embedded Systems 373 12.2.1 Proteins 373 12.2.2 Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) 377 12.2.3 Soluble Sugars and Organic Acids 379 12.2.4 Fatty Acids 381 12.2.5 Alcohols 382 12.2.6 Terpenes 384 12.3 MV-Mediated Secretion 386 12.3.1 Structure and Biogenesis of Bacterial MVs 386 12.3.1.1 Cyanobacterial MVs 388 12.3.2 MVs as Novel Biotechnological Tools 389 12.4 Concluding Remarks 391 Acknowledgments 392 References 392 Part III Frontiers of Cyanobacteria Biotechnology 407 13 Harnessing Solar-Powered Oxic N2-fixing Cyanobacteria for the BioNitrogen Economy 409
James Young, Liping Gu, William Gibbons, and Ruanbao Zhou 13.1 Introduction 409 13.2 Physiology and Implications of Oxic Nitrogen Fixation 410 13.2.1 Ecological Range 411 13.2.2 Balancing Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation 412 13.2.3 Energetic Demands and How the Cells Adapt 412 13.2.4 Impacts of Continuous Light vs Dark–Light Cycles 416 13.3 Major Biotechnology Applications for Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria 417 13.3.1 General Economic and Environmental Considerations of Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria 417 13.3.2 Metabolic Engineering of N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria for Carbon Compound Production 420 13.3.2.1 Direct Production of Biofuels 420 13.3.2.2 Cyanobacteria as a Fermentable Substrate 420 13.3.3 Metabolic Engineering of Nitrogen Fixing Cyanobacteria for Nitrogen-Rich Compound Production 422 13.3.3.1 Ammonia 422 13.3.3.2 Guanidine 423 13.3.3.3 Cyanophycin 423 13.3.3.4 Amino Acids and Proteins 423 13.3.4 Application of Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria in Agriculture 425 13.4 Conclusions 428 References 428 14 Traits of Fast-Growing Cyanobacteria 441
Meghna Srivastava, Elton P. Hudson, and Pramod P. Wangikar 14.1 Introduction 441 14.2 Why is Growth Rate Significant? 442 14.3 An Overview of Factors Affecting the Growth Rates of Cyanobacteria 446 14.3.1 Light Intensity and Quality 448 14.3.2 Mixotrophic Growth 451 14.3.3 Circadian Rhythm 451 14.3.4 Additional Factors Relating to Growth Rates in Cyanobacteria 452 14.3.4.1 Cell Morphology 453 14.3.4.2 Genome Size 453 14.3.4.3 Saltwater Tolerance 454 14.3.4.4 Nutrient Supplementation 454 14.3.5 Carbon Storage 455 14.4 Overview of the Fast-Growing Model Cyanobacteria 455 14.4.1 Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 455 14.4.2 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11801 456 14.4.3 Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901 456 14.4.4 Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 457 14.5 Relationship Between Light Usage and Growth Rate in Model Strains 458 14.5.1 Case Study: The pmgA Mutant of Synechocystis 458 14.5.2 Case Study: The S. elongatus 7942 and S. elongatus 2973 Strains 460 14.6 Molecular Determinants of Fast Growth of S. elongatus UTEX 2973 460 14.7 Carbon Fluxes in Fast-Growing Strains Determined Using Metabolic Flux Analysis 463 14.8 Engineering Cyanobacteria for Fast Growth 465 14.8.1 Calvin Cycle Enzymes 465 14.8.2 PEP Carboxylase 466 14.8.3 Carbon and Light Uptake Proteins 467 14.9 Conclusion 468 References 468 15 Cyanobacterial Biofilms in Natural and Synthetic Environments 477
Christian David, Rohan Karande, and Katja Bühler 15.1 Motivation 477 15.2 Introduction to Biofilms: Biology and Applications 478 15.3 Cyanobacteria in Natural Biofilms and Microbial Mats 483 15.4 Introduction to (Photo-)biotechnology 484 15.5 Benefits of Microscale Systems for (Photo-)biofilm Cultivation 487 15.6 Oxygen Accumulation and Its Impacts 488 15.7 Resource Management in Biofilms 491 15.8 Applications of Photosynthetic Biofilms 493 15.8.1 Biofilms Enable High Cell Densities 497 15.8.2 Biofilms Enable Continuous Production 498 15.9 Outlook 499 References 499 16 Growth of Photosynthetic Microorganisms in Different Photobioreactors Operated Outdoors 505
Eleftherios Touloupakis and Pietro Carlozzi 16.1 Background 505 16.1.1 Photobiological Hydrogen Production 506 16.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Photosynthetic Microbes 508 16.1.3 Photobioreactors 509 16.2 Case Studies of Outdoor Cultivations of Photosynthetic Microorganisms 513 16.2.1 Outdoor Cultures of Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria for H2 and PHB Production 513 16.2.2 Outdoor Cultures of Cyanobacteria 516 16.3 Conclusion 517 Acknowledgments 519 References 519 Index 531

Details ISBN3527347143 ISBN-10 3527347143 ISBN-13 9783527347148 Format Hardcover Series Advanced Biotechnology Language English Year 2021 DEWEY 579.39 Pages 560 Publication Date 2021-05-05 UK Release Date 2021-05-05 Country of Publication Germany Author Gregory Stephanopoulos Publisher Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Imprint Blackwell Verlag GmbH Place of Publication Berlin Edited by Paul Hudson Audience Professional & Vocational

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  • Condition: Neu
  • ISBN-13: 9783527347148
  • Book Title: Cyanobacteria Biotechnology
  • ISBN: 9783527347148
  • Publication Year: 2021
  • Type: Textbook
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Subject Area: Chemical Engineering
  • Language: English
  • Publication Name: Cyanobacteria Biotechnology
  • Item Height: 248mm
  • Author: Paul Hudson
  • Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
  • Item Width: 176mm
  • Item Weight: 1220g
  • Number of Pages: 560 Pages

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